Low Energy Electromagnetic models data files
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    *********************************************************************
    * DATA ARE *NOT* FOR COMMERCIAL USE AND MUST BE USED WITHIN GEANT4  *
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Directory Description
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*** Photon processes ***

compton effect (comp):

   ce-cs-NN.dat      = integral cross sections    (EPDL97)
   ce-sf-NN.dat      = scattering functions       (EPDL97)

gamma conversion (pair): pair + triplet production, interpolated and summed

   pp-cs-NN.dat      = integral cross sections    (EPDL97)

gamma conversion (pairdata): pair production

   pp-pair-cs-NN.dat = integral cross sections    (EPDL97)

gamma conversion (tripdata ): triplet production

   pp-trip-cs-NN.dat = integral cross sections    (EPDL97)

photoelectric effect (phot): 
 
   pe-cs-NN.dat      = integral cross sections    (EPDL97) 
   pe-ss-cs-NN.dat   = subshell cross sections    (EPDL97)

   (updated versions of these files from EPICS2014 are in the livermore dir.)

rayleigh effect (comp):

   re-cs-NN.dat      = integral cross sections    (EPDL97)
   re-ff-NN.dat      = form factors               (EPDL97)

elastic scattering (in JAEAESData/):

   All data available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.11484/jaea-data-code-2018-007

   These are new data set for the elastic scattering of gamma rays
   Data are used by the JAEAElasticScattering Model
   Cross section are for Rayleigh + nuclear Thomson + Delbrück scatterings  
    - Rayleigh amplitudes: Second order scattering matrix.
    - Nuclear Thomson amplitudes: Analytical.
    - Delbrück amplitudes: First order Born approximation.
   by. M. Omer and R. Hajima (15/1/2018)

   Integrated and differential cross section data files: cs_Z_NN.dat.
   NN = atomic number.
   Each file is 183 columns * 300 rows.
   Row 1 = Energy in keV.
   Row 2 = Integrated cross section in barn.
   Row 3 ~ 183 differential cross section at angles from 0 degree to 180 degree at the energy 
           of the corresponding first column in barn/sr.	

   Note: 
   1. Cross section data are limited to 3 MeV.
   2. The folder JAEAESDATA must be copied to 
      ~path-to-geant4-install/share/Geant4-10.X.0/data/G4EMLOW7.3
      Geant4 version and G4EMLOW data might be different from above 
      depending on the installed versions.
   3. This process is only valid for unpolarized gamma radiation.

   If you use JAEAElasticScattering process, please cite:
   M. Omer and R. Hajima, "Including Delbrück Scattering in GEANT4",  
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.05.028

*** Electron processes ***

bremstrahlung (brem):

   br-cs-NN.dat      = integral cross sections                        (EEDL)   
   br-co-a.dat       = photon energy spectrum formula coefficient     (EEDL)  (+)
   br-co-b.dat       = photon energy spectrum formula coefficient     (EEDL)  (+)

ionisation (ioni):

   ion-ss-cs-NN.dat   = subshell cross sections
   (updated versions of these files from EPICS2014 are in the livermore dir.)

   ion-co-NN.dat      = delta ray energy spectrum formula coefficient (EEDL)  (+)
   io-co-NN.dat       = delta ray energy spectrum formula coefficient (EEDL)  (+)

coefficient for ionisation are obtained fitting delta ray spectrum with two functions

   * ion-co-NN.dat structure 

		column     type of data

		  1         incoming electron energy

                 2-7        first formula coefficients sum_i(A_i/(Energy+Binding)^i)

                  8         second formula coefficient  C_i/Energy^2

                  9         maximum of the rejection part of the first formula: 
                            sum_i(A_i/(Energy+Binding)^(i-1))

                10-11       subarea1 and subarea2 covered by the two formulas

		 12         separation cut 	    			

   * io-co-NN.dat structure (new fits with up to three functions)

		column     type of data

		  1         incoming electron energy

                 2-7        first formula coefficients sum_i(A_i/(Energy+Binding)^i) i=2,7

                  8         maximum of the rejection part of the first formula: 
                            sum_i(A_i/(Energy+Binding)^(i-1))

                 9-12       third formula coefficients sum_i(A_i/(Energy+Binding)^i) i=2,5

                 13         maximum of the rejection part of the first formula: 
                            sum_i(A_i/(Energy+Binding)^(i-1))

		14-15       second formula coefficient: C1*Energy^C2 

		 16         1st separation cut 	    			

		 17         2nd separation cut 	    			

each set of data in a file corresponding to subshells is separated by a line of -1.
The order of the functions 1st,2nd,3rd follows the increasing energy in which they are used
even if the second formula is the less used. (see Physics Reference Manual)
   
*** Atomic relaxation ***

fluorescence (fluor):

   fl-tr-pr-NN.dat   = radiative transition probabilities             (EADL)
   binding.dat       = binding energies                               (EADL)  

fluorescence based on Bearden data (fluor_Bearden), by Stephane Paltani:

   fl-tr-pr-NN.dat   = radiative transition probabilities             (from Bearden)
   fl-tr-pr-NN.commented.dat = same including comments                (from Bearden)
   binding.dat       = binding energies                               (EADL)  

fluorescence based on XDB & EADL data (fluor_XDB_EADL), by Dennis Wright:

   fl-tr-pr-NN.dat   = radiative transition probabilities             (EADL)
   binding.dat       = binding energies                               (XDB & EADL)  

auger effect (auger):
   au-tr-pr-NN.dat   = non-radiative transition probabilities         (EADL)

* NN = ATOMIC NUMBER

*** Geant4-DNA processes ***

All cross section data files are located in the dna directory.

If you use the Geant4-DNA extension, please cite the following reference papers:

- Geant4-DNA example applications for track structure simulations in liquid water: a report from the Geant4-DNA Project, S. Incerti, I. Kyriakou, M. A. Bernal, M. C. Bordage, Z. Francis, S. Guatelli, V. Ivanchenko, M. Karamitros, N. Lampe, S. B. Lee, S. Meylan, C. H. Min, W. G. Shin, P. Nieminen, D. Sakata, N. Tang, C. Villagrasa, H. Tran, J. M. C. Brown, Med. Phys. 45 (2018) e722-e739

- Track structure modeling in liquid water: A review of the Geant4-DNA very low energy extension of the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit, M. A. Bernal, M. C. Bordage, J. M. C. Brown, M. Davídková, E. Delage, Z. El Bitar, S. A. Enger, Z. Francis, S. Guatelli, V. N. Ivanchenko, M. Karamitros, I. Kyriakou, L. Maigne, S. Meylan, K. Murakami, S. Okada, H. Payno, Y. Perrot, I. Petrovic, Q.T. Pham, A. Ristic-Fira, T. Sasaki, V. Štěpán, H. N. Tran, C. Villagrasa, S. Incerti, Phys. Med. 31 (2015) 861-874 (link)

- Comparison of Geant4 very low energy cross section models with experimental data in water, S. Incerti, A. Ivanchenko, M. Karamitros, A. Mantero, P. Moretto, H. N. Tran, B. Mascialino, C. Champion, V. N. Ivanchenko, M. A. Bernal, Z. Francis, C. Villagrasa, G. Baldacchino, P. Guèye, R. Capra, P. Nieminen, C. Zacharatou, Med. Phys. 37 (2010) 4692-4708 (link)

- The Geant4-DNA project, S. Incerti, G. Baldacchino, M. Bernal, R. Capra, C. Champion, Z. Francis, S. Guatelli, P. Guèye, A. Mantero, B. Mascialino, P. Moretto, P. Nieminen, A. Rosenfeld, C. Villagrasa and C. Zacharatou, Int. J. Model. Simul. Sci. Comput. 1 (2010) 157–178

Please refer to http://geant4-dna.org for more details about data and associated publications.

*** Microelec processes ***

All files are located in the microelec directory.

If you use these processes, please cite:

A. Valentin, M. Raine and J.-E. Sauvestre, 
"Inelastic cross-sections of low-energy electrons in silicon for the 
simulation of heavy ion tracks with the GEANT4-DNA toolkit",  
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5873720

A. Valentin, M. Raine, J.-E. Sauvestre, M. Gaillardin and P. Paillet, 
"Geant4 physics processes for microdosimetry simulation: very low energy 
electromagnetic models for electrons in silicon", 
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, vol. 288, pp. 66 - 73, 2012. 
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2012.07.028

A. Valentin, M. Raine, M. Gaillardin and P. Paillet, 
"Geant4 physics processes for microdosimetry simulation: very low energy 
electromagnetic models for protons and heavy ions in silicon", 
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, vol. 287, pp. 124 - 129, 2012. 
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2012.06.007

M. Raine, A. Valentin, M. Gaillardin and P. Paillet, 
"Improved simulation of ion track structures using new Geant4 models 
- Impact on the modeling of advanced technologies response ", 
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 59, pp. 2697 - 2703, 2012. 
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2012.2220783

*** PIXE data files ***

All cross section data files needed for PIXE with protons and alphas are stored in the
ecpssr, uf, kpcsPaul, kacsPaul and exp directories located in the pixe directory.

* Data in the pixe/ecpssr subdirectory are derived from the work of :

- A. Taborda et al.,
"Polynomial approximation to universal ionisation cross-sections of K and L shells induced by H and He ion beams"
Published in X-Ray Spectrom. 2011, 40, 127-134

- A. Taborda et al.,
"Polynomial approximation to universal M-shell ionisation cross sections"
Published in X-Ray Spectrom. 2013, 42, 177-182

*** Ion processes ***

ionization (ion_stopping_data/icru73):
 
   zZZ_MAT.dat       = mass stopping powers from ICRU 73 tables and revised
                       tables provided by P. Sigmund/Univ. of Southern Denmark
                       (revised tables are: G4_WATER (all considered ions), 
                       G4_WATER_VAPOR (all considered ions), G4NYLON-6-6
                       (F ions), G4_Cu (all considered ions))

                       File name definition:
                         * Elemental targets: zZZ_YY.dat
                                               ZZ = ion atomic number
                                               YY = atomic number of material
                         * Compound materials: zZZ_NAME.dat
                                               ZZ = ion atomic number
                                               YY = material name 

                       File content:
                         Format readable by G4LPhysicsFreeVector, data in
                         ICRU 73 units:
                           1st column: Energy per nucleon in MeV
                           2nd column: Mass stopping power in MeV*cm2/(mg)

*** Seltzer-Berger data for bremsstrahlung cross section ***
    Atom. Data and Nucl. Data Tables 35 (1986) 345-418

bremsstarhlung (brem_SB):
 
   brZZ       = cross sections per element (Z=1-100) in a format of 2-D
                vector which can directly retrieved by G4Physics2DVector
                class; 

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Photoelectric Angular Majorant Surface Directory Description

photoelectric angular majorant surface distribution (photoelectric_angular)

ftab0.dat <- Majorant surface distribution for K-shell
ftab1.dat <- Majorant surface distribution for L-shells

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The cited Livermore data libraries are:

-- EPDL97  Evaluated Photon Data Library 
-- EEDL    Evaluated Electron Data Library 
-- EADL    Evaluated Atom Data Library

(see http://www.llnl.gov/cullen1/)

-- The data have been reformatted for usage in Geant4 and the files(+) 
contain values resulting from fitting the original data. 

