This is make.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.2 from
/usr/ports/devel/gmake/w-gmake-3.80p1/make-3.80/doc/make.texi.

INFO-DIR-SECTION Programming & development tools
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* GNU Make: (make).             The GNU make utility.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

   This file documents the GNU Make utility, which determines
automatically which pieces of a large program need to be recompiled,
and issues the commands to recompile them.

   This is Edition 0.60, last updated 08 July 2002, of `The GNU Make
Manual', for `make', Version 3.80.

   Copyright 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996,
1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".


File: make.info,  Node: Concept Index,  Next: Name Index,  Prev: GNU Free Documentation License,  Up: Top

Index of Concepts
*****************

* Menu:

* # (comments), in commands:             Commands.
* # (comments), in makefile:             Makefile Contents.
* #include:                              Automatic Prerequisites.
* $$@, support for:                      Automatic.
* $, in function call:                   Syntax of Functions.
* $, in rules:                           Rule Syntax.
* $, in variable name:                   Computed Names.
* $, in variable reference:              Reference.
* %, in pattern rules:                   Pattern Intro.
* %, quoting in patsubst:                Text Functions.
* %, quoting in static pattern:          Static Usage.
* %, quoting in vpath:                   Selective Search.
* %, quoting with \ (backslash) <1>:     Text Functions.
* %, quoting with \ (backslash) <2>:     Selective Search.
* %, quoting with \ (backslash):         Static Usage.
* * (wildcard character):                Wildcards.
* +, and command execution:              Instead of Execution.
* +, and commands:                       MAKE Variable.
* +, and define:                         Sequences.
* +=:                                    Appending.
* +=, expansion:                         Reading Makefiles.
* ,v (RCS file extension):               Catalogue of Rules.
* - (in commands):                       Errors.
* -, and define:                         Sequences.
* --always-make:                         Options Summary.
* --assume-new <1>:                      Options Summary.
* --assume-new:                          Instead of Execution.
* --assume-new, and recursion:           Options/Recursion.
* --assume-old <1>:                      Avoiding Compilation.
* --assume-old:                          Options Summary.
* --assume-old, and recursion:           Options/Recursion.
* --debug:                               Options Summary.
* --directory <1>:                       Options Summary.
* --directory:                           Recursion.
* --directory, and --print-directory:    -w Option.
* --directory, and recursion:            Options/Recursion.
* --dry-run <1>:                         Echoing.
* --dry-run <2>:                         Instead of Execution.
* --dry-run:                             Options Summary.
* --environment-overrides:               Options Summary.
* --file <1>:                            Options Summary.
* --file <2>:                            Makefile Arguments.
* --file:                                Makefile Names.
* --file, and recursion:                 Options/Recursion.
* --help:                                Options Summary.
* --ignore-errors <1>:                   Errors.
* --ignore-errors:                       Options Summary.
* --include-dir <1>:                     Include.
* --include-dir:                         Options Summary.
* --jobs <1>:                            Parallel.
* --jobs:                                Options Summary.
* --jobs, and recursion:                 Options/Recursion.
* --just-print <1>:                      Instead of Execution.
* --just-print <2>:                      Echoing.
* --just-print:                          Options Summary.
* --keep-going <1>:                      Options Summary.
* --keep-going <2>:                      Testing.
* --keep-going:                          Errors.
* --load-average <1>:                    Options Summary.
* --load-average:                        Parallel.
* --makefile <1>:                        Options Summary.
* --makefile <2>:                        Makefile Names.
* --makefile:                            Makefile Arguments.
* --max-load <1>:                        Options Summary.
* --max-load:                            Parallel.
* --new-file <1>:                        Options Summary.
* --new-file:                            Instead of Execution.
* --new-file, and recursion:             Options/Recursion.
* --no-builtin-rules:                    Options Summary.
* --no-builtin-variables:                Options Summary.
* --no-keep-going:                       Options Summary.
* --no-print-directory <1>:              Options Summary.
* --no-print-directory:                  -w Option.
* --old-file <1>:                        Options Summary.
* --old-file:                            Avoiding Compilation.
* --old-file, and recursion:             Options/Recursion.
* --print-data-base:                     Options Summary.
* --print-directory:                     Options Summary.
* --print-directory, and --directory:    -w Option.
* --print-directory, and recursion:      -w Option.
* --print-directory, disabling:          -w Option.
* --question <1>:                        Instead of Execution.
* --question:                            Options Summary.
* --quiet <1>:                           Options Summary.
* --quiet:                               Echoing.
* --recon <1>:                           Instead of Execution.
* --recon <2>:                           Options Summary.
* --recon:                               Echoing.
* --silent <1>:                          Options Summary.
* --silent:                              Echoing.
* --stop:                                Options Summary.
* --touch <1>:                           Instead of Execution.
* --touch:                               Options Summary.
* --touch, and recursion:                MAKE Variable.
* --version:                             Options Summary.
* --warn-undefined-variables:            Options Summary.
* --what-if <1>:                         Instead of Execution.
* --what-if:                             Options Summary.
* -B:                                    Options Summary.
* -b:                                    Options Summary.
* -C <1>:                                Recursion.
* -C:                                    Options Summary.
* -C, and -w:                            -w Option.
* -C, and recursion:                     Options/Recursion.
* -d:                                    Options Summary.
* -e:                                    Options Summary.
* -e (shell flag):                       Automatic Prerequisites.
* -f <1>:                                Options Summary.
* -f <2>:                                Makefile Arguments.
* -f:                                    Makefile Names.
* -f, and recursion:                     Options/Recursion.
* -h:                                    Options Summary.
* -i:                                    Options Summary.
* -I:                                    Options Summary.
* -i:                                    Errors.
* -I:                                    Include.
* -j <1>:                                Parallel.
* -j:                                    Options Summary.
* -j, and archive update:                Archive Pitfalls.
* -j, and recursion:                     Options/Recursion.
* -k <1>:                                Options Summary.
* -k <2>:                                Testing.
* -k:                                    Errors.
* -l:                                    Options Summary.
* -l (library search):                   Libraries/Search.
* -l (load average):                     Parallel.
* -m:                                    Options Summary.
* -M (to compiler):                      Automatic Prerequisites.
* -MM (to GNU compiler):                 Automatic Prerequisites.
* -n <1>:                                Instead of Execution.
* -n <2>:                                Echoing.
* -n:                                    Options Summary.
* -o <1>:                                Options Summary.
* -o:                                    Avoiding Compilation.
* -o, and recursion:                     Options/Recursion.
* -p:                                    Options Summary.
* -q <1>:                                Options Summary.
* -q:                                    Instead of Execution.
* -R:                                    Options Summary.
* -r:                                    Options Summary.
* -s:                                    Echoing.
* -S:                                    Options Summary.
* -s:                                    Options Summary.
* -t <1>:                                Options Summary.
* -t:                                    Instead of Execution.
* -t, and recursion:                     MAKE Variable.
* -v:                                    Options Summary.
* -W:                                    Instead of Execution.
* -w:                                    Options Summary.
* -W:                                    Options Summary.
* -w, and -C:                            -w Option.
* -W, and recursion:                     Options/Recursion.
* -w, and recursion:                     -w Option.
* -w, disabling:                         -w Option.
* .a (archives):                         Archive Suffix Rules.
* .c:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
* .C:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
* .cc:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
* .ch:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
* .d:                                    Automatic Prerequisites.
* .def:                                  Catalogue of Rules.
* .dvi:                                  Catalogue of Rules.
* .f:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
* .F:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
* .info:                                 Catalogue of Rules.
* .l:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
* .LIBPATTERNS, and link libraries:      Libraries/Search.
* .ln:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
* .mod:                                  Catalogue of Rules.
* .o:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
* .p:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
* .PRECIOUS intermediate files:          Chained Rules.
* .r:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
* .s:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
* .S:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
* .sh:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
* .sym:                                  Catalogue of Rules.
* .tex:                                  Catalogue of Rules.
* .texi:                                 Catalogue of Rules.
* .texinfo:                              Catalogue of Rules.
* .txinfo:                               Catalogue of Rules.
* .w:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
* .web:                                  Catalogue of Rules.
* .y:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
* :: rules (double-colon):               Double-Colon.
* := <1>:                                Flavors.
* :=:                                    Setting.
* = <1>:                                 Flavors.
* =:                                     Setting.
* =, expansion:                          Reading Makefiles.
* ? (wildcard character):                Wildcards.
* ?= <1>:                                Setting.
* ?=:                                    Flavors.
* ?=, expansion:                         Reading Makefiles.
* @ (in commands):                       Echoing.
* @, and define:                         Sequences.
* [...] (wildcard characters):           Wildcards.
* \ (backslash), for continuation lines: Simple Makefile.
* \ (backslash), in commands:            Execution.
* \ (backslash), to quote % <1>:         Selective Search.
* \ (backslash), to quote % <2>:         Static Usage.
* \ (backslash), to quote %:             Text Functions.
* __.SYMDEF:                             Archive Symbols.
* algorithm for directory search:        Search Algorithm.
* all (standard target):                 Goals.
* appending to variables:                Appending.
* ar:                                    Implicit Variables.
* archive:                               Archives.
* archive member targets:                Archive Members.
* archive symbol directory updating:     Archive Symbols.
* archive, and -j:                       Archive Pitfalls.
* archive, and parallel execution:       Archive Pitfalls.
* archive, suffix rule for:              Archive Suffix Rules.
* Arg list too long:                     Options/Recursion.
* arguments of functions:                Syntax of Functions.
* as <1>:                                Catalogue of Rules.
* as:                                    Implicit Variables.
* assembly, rule to compile:             Catalogue of Rules.
* automatic generation of prerequisites <1>: Automatic Prerequisites.
* automatic generation of prerequisites: Include.
* automatic variables:                   Automatic.
* backquotes:                            Shell Function.
* backslash (\), for continuation lines: Simple Makefile.
* backslash (\), in commands:            Execution.
* backslash (\), to quote % <1>:         Selective Search.
* backslash (\), to quote % <2>:         Static Usage.
* backslash (\), to quote %:             Text Functions.
* backslashes in pathnames and wildcard expansion: Wildcard Pitfall.
* basename:                              File Name Functions.
* binary packages:                       Install Command Categories.
* broken pipe:                           Parallel.
* bugs, reporting:                       Bugs.
* built-in special targets:              Special Targets.
* C++, rule to compile:                  Catalogue of Rules.
* C, rule to compile:                    Catalogue of Rules.
* cc <1>:                                Catalogue of Rules.
* cc:                                    Implicit Variables.
* cd (shell command) <1>:                MAKE Variable.
* cd (shell command):                    Execution.
* chains of rules:                       Chained Rules.
* check (standard target):               Goals.
* clean (standard target):               Goals.
* clean target <1>:                      Cleanup.
* clean target:                          Simple Makefile.
* cleaning up:                           Cleanup.
* clobber (standard target):             Goals.
* co <1>:                                Catalogue of Rules.
* co:                                    Implicit Variables.
* combining rules by prerequisite:       Combine By Prerequisite.
* command line variable definitions, and recursion: Options/Recursion.
* command line variables:                Overriding.
* commands:                              Rule Syntax.
* commands, backslash (\) in:            Execution.
* commands, comments in:                 Commands.
* commands, echoing:                     Echoing.
* commands, empty:                       Empty Commands.
* commands, errors in:                   Errors.
* commands, execution:                   Execution.
* commands, execution in parallel:       Parallel.
* commands, expansion:                   Shell Function.
* commands, how to write:                Commands.
* commands, instead of executing:        Instead of Execution.
* commands, introduction to:             Rule Introduction.
* commands, quoting newlines in:         Execution.
* commands, sequences of:                Sequences.
* comments, in commands:                 Commands.
* comments, in makefile:                 Makefile Contents.
* compatibility:                         Features.
* compatibility in exporting:            Variables/Recursion.
* compilation, testing:                  Testing.
* computed variable name:                Computed Names.
* conditional expansion:                 If Function.
* conditional variable assignment:       Flavors.
* conditionals:                          Conditionals.
* continuation lines:                    Simple Makefile.
* controlling make:                      Make Control Functions.
* conventions for makefiles:             Makefile Conventions.
* ctangle <1>:                           Implicit Variables.
* ctangle:                               Catalogue of Rules.
* cweave <1>:                            Catalogue of Rules.
* cweave:                                Implicit Variables.
* data base of make rules:               Options Summary.
* deducing commands (implicit rules):    make Deduces.
* default directories for included makefiles: Include.
* default goal <1>:                      Rules.
* default goal:                          How Make Works.
* default makefile name:                 Makefile Names.
* default rules, last-resort:            Last Resort.
* define, expansion:                     Reading Makefiles.
* defining variables verbatim:           Defining.
* deletion of target files <1>:          Errors.
* deletion of target files:              Interrupts.
* directive:                             Makefile Contents.
* directories, printing them:            -w Option.
* directories, updating archive symbol:  Archive Symbols.
* directory part:                        File Name Functions.
* directory search (VPATH):              Directory Search.
* directory search (VPATH), and implicit rules: Implicit/Search.
* directory search (VPATH), and link libraries: Libraries/Search.
* directory search (VPATH), and shell commands: Commands/Search.
* directory search algorithm:            Search Algorithm.
* directory search, traditional (GPATH): Search Algorithm.
* dist (standard target):                Goals.
* distclean (standard target):           Goals.
* dollar sign ($), in function call:     Syntax of Functions.
* dollar sign ($), in rules:             Rule Syntax.
* dollar sign ($), in variable name:     Computed Names.
* dollar sign ($), in variable reference: Reference.
* double-colon rules:                    Double-Colon.
* duplicate words, removing:             Text Functions.
* E2BIG:                                 Options/Recursion.
* echoing of commands:                   Echoing.
* editor:                                Introduction.
* Emacs (M-x compile):                   Errors.
* empty commands:                        Empty Commands.
* empty targets:                         Empty Targets.
* environment:                           Environment.
* environment, and recursion:            Variables/Recursion.
* environment, SHELL in:                 Execution.
* error, stopping on:                    Make Control Functions.
* errors (in commands):                  Errors.
* errors with wildcards:                 Wildcard Pitfall.
* evaluating makefile syntax:            Eval Function.
* execution, in parallel:                Parallel.
* execution, instead of:                 Instead of Execution.
* execution, of commands:                Execution.
* exit status (errors):                  Errors.
* explicit rule, definition of:          Makefile Contents.
* explicit rule, expansion:              Reading Makefiles.
* exporting variables:                   Variables/Recursion.
* f77 <1>:                               Implicit Variables.
* f77:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
* FDL, GNU Free Documentation License:   GNU Free Documentation License.
* features of GNU make:                  Features.
* features, missing:                     Missing.
* file name functions:                   File Name Functions.
* file name of makefile:                 Makefile Names.
* file name of makefile, how to specify: Makefile Names.
* file name prefix, adding:              File Name Functions.
* file name suffix:                      File Name Functions.
* file name suffix, adding:              File Name Functions.
* file name with wildcards:              Wildcards.
* file name, basename of:                File Name Functions.
* file name, directory part:             File Name Functions.
* file name, nondirectory part:          File Name Functions.
* files, assuming new:                   Instead of Execution.
* files, assuming old:                   Avoiding Compilation.
* files, avoiding recompilation of:      Avoiding Compilation.
* files, intermediate:                   Chained Rules.
* filtering out words:                   Text Functions.
* filtering words:                       Text Functions.
* finding strings:                       Text Functions.
* flags:                                 Options Summary.
* flags for compilers:                   Implicit Variables.
* flavors of variables:                  Flavors.
* FORCE:                                 Force Targets.
* force targets:                         Force Targets.
* Fortran, rule to compile:              Catalogue of Rules.
* functions:                             Functions.
* functions, for controlling make:       Make Control Functions.
* functions, for file names:             File Name Functions.
* functions, for text:                   Text Functions.
* functions, syntax of:                  Syntax of Functions.
* functions, user defined:               Call Function.
* g++ <1>:                               Catalogue of Rules.
* g++:                                   Implicit Variables.
* gcc:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
* generating prerequisites automatically <1>: Automatic Prerequisites.
* generating prerequisites automatically: Include.
* get <1>:                               Catalogue of Rules.
* get:                                   Implicit Variables.
* globbing (wildcards):                  Wildcards.
* goal:                                  How Make Works.
* goal, default <1>:                     How Make Works.
* goal, default:                         Rules.
* goal, how to specify:                  Goals.
* home directory:                        Wildcards.
* IEEE Standard 1003.2:                  Overview.
* ifdef, expansion:                      Reading Makefiles.
* ifeq, expansion:                       Reading Makefiles.
* ifndef, expansion:                     Reading Makefiles.
* ifneq, expansion:                      Reading Makefiles.
* implicit rule:                         Implicit Rules.
* implicit rule, and directory search:   Implicit/Search.
* implicit rule, and VPATH:              Implicit/Search.
* implicit rule, definition of:          Makefile Contents.
* implicit rule, expansion:              Reading Makefiles.
* implicit rule, how to use:             Using Implicit.
* implicit rule, introduction to:        make Deduces.
* implicit rule, predefined:             Catalogue of Rules.
* implicit rule, search algorithm:       Implicit Rule Search.
* included makefiles, default directories: Include.
* including (MAKEFILE_LIST variable):    MAKEFILE_LIST Variable.
* including (MAKEFILES variable):        MAKEFILES Variable.
* including other makefiles:             Include.
* incompatibilities:                     Missing.
* Info, rule to format:                  Catalogue of Rules.
* install (standard target):             Goals.
* intermediate files:                    Chained Rules.
* intermediate files, preserving:        Chained Rules.
* intermediate targets, explicit:        Special Targets.
* interrupt:                             Interrupts.
* job slots:                             Parallel.
* job slots, and recursion:              Options/Recursion.
* jobs, limiting based on load:          Parallel.
* joining lists of words:                File Name Functions.
* killing (interruption):                Interrupts.
* last-resort default rules:             Last Resort.
* ld:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
* lex <1>:                               Catalogue of Rules.
* lex:                                   Implicit Variables.
* Lex, rule to run:                      Catalogue of Rules.
* libraries for linking, directory search: Libraries/Search.
* library archive, suffix rule for:      Archive Suffix Rules.
* limiting jobs based on load:           Parallel.
* link libraries, and directory search:  Libraries/Search.
* link libraries, patterns matching:     Libraries/Search.
* linking, predefined rule for:          Catalogue of Rules.
* lint:                                  Catalogue of Rules.
* lint, rule to run:                     Catalogue of Rules.
* list of all prerequisites:             Automatic.
* list of changed prerequisites:         Automatic.
* load average:                          Parallel.
* loops in variable expansion:           Flavors.
* lpr (shell command) <1>:               Wildcard Examples.
* lpr (shell command):                   Empty Targets.
* m2c:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
* macro:                                 Using Variables.
* make depend:                           Automatic Prerequisites.
* MAKECMDGOALS:                          Goals.
* makefile:                              Introduction.
* makefile name:                         Makefile Names.
* makefile name, how to specify:         Makefile Names.
* makefile rule parts:                   Rule Introduction.
* makefile syntax, evaluating:           Eval Function.
* makefile, and MAKEFILES variable:      MAKEFILES Variable.
* makefile, conventions for:             Makefile Conventions.
* makefile, how make processes:          How Make Works.
* makefile, how to write:                Makefiles.
* makefile, including:                   Include.
* makefile, overriding:                  Overriding Makefiles.
* makefile, parsing:                     Reading Makefiles.
* makefile, remaking of:                 Remaking Makefiles.
* makefile, simple:                      Simple Makefile.
* makefiles, and MAKEFILE_LIST variable: MAKEFILE_LIST Variable.
* makefiles, and special variables:      Special Variables.
* makeinfo <1>:                          Catalogue of Rules.
* makeinfo:                              Implicit Variables.
* match-anything rule:                   Match-Anything Rules.
* match-anything rule, used to override: Overriding Makefiles.
* missing features:                      Missing.
* mistakes with wildcards:               Wildcard Pitfall.
* modified variable reference:           Substitution Refs.
* Modula-2, rule to compile:             Catalogue of Rules.
* mostlyclean (standard target):         Goals.
* multiple rules for one target:         Multiple Rules.
* multiple rules for one target (::):    Double-Colon.
* multiple targets:                      Multiple Targets.
* multiple targets, in pattern rule:     Pattern Intro.
* name of makefile:                      Makefile Names.
* name of makefile, how to specify:      Makefile Names.
* nested variable reference:             Computed Names.
* newline, quoting, in commands:         Execution.
* newline, quoting, in makefile:         Simple Makefile.
* nondirectory part:                     File Name Functions.
* normal prerequisites:                  Prerequisite Types.
* obj:                                   Variables Simplify.
* OBJ:                                   Variables Simplify.
* objects:                               Variables Simplify.
* OBJECTS:                               Variables Simplify.
* OBJS:                                  Variables Simplify.
* objs:                                  Variables Simplify.
* old-fashioned suffix rules:            Suffix Rules.
* options:                               Options Summary.
* options, and recursion:                Options/Recursion.
* options, setting from environment:     Options/Recursion.
* options, setting in makefiles:         Options/Recursion.
* order of pattern rules:                Pattern Intro.
* order-only prerequisites:              Prerequisite Types.
* origin of variable:                    Origin Function.
* overriding makefiles:                  Overriding Makefiles.
* overriding variables with arguments:   Overriding.
* overriding with override:              Override Directive.
* parallel execution:                    Parallel.
* parallel execution, and archive update: Archive Pitfalls.
* parallel execution, overriding:        Special Targets.
* parts of makefile rule:                Rule Introduction.
* Pascal, rule to compile:               Catalogue of Rules.
* pattern rule:                          Pattern Intro.
* pattern rule, expansion:               Reading Makefiles.
* pattern rules, order of:               Pattern Intro.
* pattern rules, static (not implicit):  Static Pattern.
* pattern rules, static, syntax of:      Static Usage.
* pattern-specific variables:            Pattern-specific.
* pc <1>:                                Implicit Variables.
* pc:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
* phony targets:                         Phony Targets.
* pitfalls of wildcards:                 Wildcard Pitfall.
* portability:                           Features.
* POSIX:                                 Overview.
* POSIX.2:                               Options/Recursion.
* post-installation commands:            Install Command Categories.
* pre-installation commands:             Install Command Categories.
* precious targets:                      Special Targets.
* predefined rules and variables, printing: Options Summary.
* prefix, adding:                        File Name Functions.
* prerequisite:                          Rules.
* prerequisite pattern, implicit:        Pattern Intro.
* prerequisite pattern, static (not implicit): Static Usage.
* prerequisite types:                    Prerequisite Types.
* prerequisite, expansion:               Reading Makefiles.
* prerequisites:                         Rule Syntax.
* prerequisites, automatic generation <1>: Include.
* prerequisites, automatic generation:   Automatic Prerequisites.
* prerequisites, introduction to:        Rule Introduction.
* prerequisites, list of all:            Automatic.
* prerequisites, list of changed:        Automatic.
* prerequisites, normal:                 Prerequisite Types.
* prerequisites, order-only:             Prerequisite Types.
* prerequisites, varying (static pattern): Static Pattern.
* preserving intermediate files:         Chained Rules.
* preserving with .PRECIOUS <1>:         Chained Rules.
* preserving with .PRECIOUS:             Special Targets.
* preserving with .SECONDARY:            Special Targets.
* print (standard target):               Goals.
* print target <1>:                      Empty Targets.
* print target:                          Wildcard Examples.
* printing directories:                  -w Option.
* printing of commands:                  Echoing.
* printing user warnings:                Make Control Functions.
* problems and bugs, reporting:          Bugs.
* problems with wildcards:               Wildcard Pitfall.
* processing a makefile:                 How Make Works.
* question mode:                         Instead of Execution.
* quoting %, in patsubst:                Text Functions.
* quoting %, in static pattern:          Static Usage.
* quoting %, in vpath:                   Selective Search.
* quoting newline, in commands:          Execution.
* quoting newline, in makefile:          Simple Makefile.
* Ratfor, rule to compile:               Catalogue of Rules.
* RCS, rule to extract from:             Catalogue of Rules.
* reading makefiles:                     Reading Makefiles.
* README:                                Makefile Names.
* realclean (standard target):           Goals.
* recompilation:                         Introduction.
* recompilation, avoiding:               Avoiding Compilation.
* recording events with empty targets:   Empty Targets.
* recursion:                             Recursion.
* recursion, and -C:                     Options/Recursion.
* recursion, and -f:                     Options/Recursion.
* recursion, and -j:                     Options/Recursion.
* recursion, and -o:                     Options/Recursion.
* recursion, and -t:                     MAKE Variable.
* recursion, and -W:                     Options/Recursion.
* recursion, and -w:                     -w Option.
* recursion, and command line variable definitions: Options/Recursion.
* recursion, and environment:            Variables/Recursion.
* recursion, and MAKE variable:          MAKE Variable.
* recursion, and MAKEFILES variable:     MAKEFILES Variable.
* recursion, and options:                Options/Recursion.
* recursion, and printing directories:   -w Option.
* recursion, and variables:              Variables/Recursion.
* recursion, level of:                   Variables/Recursion.
* recursive variable expansion <1>:      Using Variables.
* recursive variable expansion:          Flavors.
* recursively expanded variables:        Flavors.
* reference to variables <1>:            Advanced.
* reference to variables:                Reference.
* relinking:                             How Make Works.
* remaking makefiles:                    Remaking Makefiles.
* removal of target files <1>:           Errors.
* removal of target files:               Interrupts.
* removing duplicate words:              Text Functions.
* removing targets on failure:           Special Targets.
* removing, to clean up:                 Cleanup.
* reporting bugs:                        Bugs.
* rm:                                    Implicit Variables.
* rm (shell command) <1>:                Phony Targets.
* rm (shell command) <2>:                Wildcard Examples.
* rm (shell command) <3>:                Errors.
* rm (shell command):                    Simple Makefile.
* rule commands:                         Commands.
* rule prerequisites:                    Rule Syntax.
* rule syntax:                           Rule Syntax.
* rule targets:                          Rule Syntax.
* rule, and $:                           Rule Syntax.
* rule, double-colon (::):               Double-Colon.
* rule, explicit, definition of:         Makefile Contents.
* rule, how to write:                    Rules.
* rule, implicit:                        Implicit Rules.
* rule, implicit, and directory search:  Implicit/Search.
* rule, implicit, and VPATH:             Implicit/Search.
* rule, implicit, chains of:             Chained Rules.
* rule, implicit, definition of:         Makefile Contents.
* rule, implicit, how to use:            Using Implicit.
* rule, implicit, introduction to:       make Deduces.
* rule, implicit, predefined:            Catalogue of Rules.
* rule, introduction to:                 Rule Introduction.
* rule, multiple for one target:         Multiple Rules.
* rule, no commands or prerequisites:    Force Targets.
* rule, pattern:                         Pattern Intro.
* rule, static pattern:                  Static Pattern.
* rule, static pattern versus implicit:  Static versus Implicit.
* rule, with multiple targets:           Multiple Targets.
* s. (SCCS file prefix):                 Catalogue of Rules.
* SCCS, rule to extract from:            Catalogue of Rules.
* search algorithm, implicit rule:       Implicit Rule Search.
* search path for prerequisites (VPATH): Directory Search.
* search path for prerequisites (VPATH), and implicit rules: Implicit/Search.
* search path for prerequisites (VPATH), and link libraries: Libraries/Search.
* searching for strings:                 Text Functions.
* secondary files:                       Chained Rules.
* secondary targets:                     Special Targets.
* sed (shell command):                   Automatic Prerequisites.
* selecting a word:                      Text Functions.
* selecting word lists:                  Text Functions.
* sequences of commands:                 Sequences.
* setting options from environment:      Options/Recursion.
* setting options in makefiles:          Options/Recursion.
* setting variables:                     Setting.
* several rules for one target:          Multiple Rules.
* several targets in a rule:             Multiple Targets.
* shar (standard target):                Goals.
* shell command:                         Simple Makefile.
* shell command, and directory search:   Commands/Search.
* shell command, execution:              Execution.
* shell command, function for:           Shell Function.
* shell file name pattern (in include):  Include.
* shell wildcards (in include):          Include.
* SHELL, MS-DOS specifics:               Execution.
* signal:                                Interrupts.
* silent operation:                      Echoing.
* simple makefile:                       Simple Makefile.
* simple variable expansion:             Using Variables.
* simplifying with variables:            Variables Simplify.
* simply expanded variables:             Flavors.
* sorting words:                         Text Functions.
* spaces, in variable values:            Flavors.
* spaces, stripping:                     Text Functions.
* special targets:                       Special Targets.
* special variables:                     Special Variables.
* specifying makefile name:              Makefile Names.
* standard input:                        Parallel.
* standards conformance:                 Overview.
* standards for makefiles:               Makefile Conventions.
* static pattern rule:                   Static Pattern.
* static pattern rule, syntax of:        Static Usage.
* static pattern rule, versus implicit:  Static versus Implicit.
* stem <1>:                              Pattern Match.
* stem:                                  Static Usage.
* stem, variable for:                    Automatic.
* stopping make:                         Make Control Functions.
* strings, searching for:                Text Functions.
* stripping whitespace:                  Text Functions.
* sub-make:                              Variables/Recursion.
* subdirectories, recursion for:         Recursion.
* substitution variable reference:       Substitution Refs.
* suffix rule:                           Suffix Rules.
* suffix rule, for archive:              Archive Suffix Rules.
* suffix, adding:                        File Name Functions.
* suffix, function to find:              File Name Functions.
* suffix, substituting in variables:     Substitution Refs.
* switches:                              Options Summary.
* symbol directories, updating archive:  Archive Symbols.
* syntax of rules:                       Rule Syntax.
* tab character (in commands):           Rule Syntax.
* tabs in rules:                         Rule Introduction.
* TAGS (standard target):                Goals.
* tangle <1>:                            Catalogue of Rules.
* tangle:                                Implicit Variables.
* tar (standard target):                 Goals.
* target:                                Rules.
* target pattern, implicit:              Pattern Intro.
* target pattern, static (not implicit): Static Usage.
* target, deleting on error:             Errors.
* target, deleting on interrupt:         Interrupts.
* target, expansion:                     Reading Makefiles.
* target, multiple in pattern rule:      Pattern Intro.
* target, multiple rules for one:        Multiple Rules.
* target, touching:                      Instead of Execution.
* target-specific variables:             Target-specific.
* targets:                               Rule Syntax.
* targets without a file:                Phony Targets.
* targets, built-in special:             Special Targets.
* targets, empty:                        Empty Targets.
* targets, force:                        Force Targets.
* targets, introduction to:              Rule Introduction.
* targets, multiple:                     Multiple Targets.
* targets, phony:                        Phony Targets.
* terminal rule:                         Match-Anything Rules.
* test (standard target):                Goals.
* testing compilation:                   Testing.
* tex <1>:                               Implicit Variables.
* tex:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
* TeX, rule to run:                      Catalogue of Rules.
* texi2dvi <1>:                          Implicit Variables.
* texi2dvi:                              Catalogue of Rules.
* Texinfo, rule to format:               Catalogue of Rules.
* tilde (~):                             Wildcards.
* touch (shell command) <1>:             Empty Targets.
* touch (shell command):                 Wildcard Examples.
* touching files:                        Instead of Execution.
* traditional directory search (GPATH):  Search Algorithm.
* types of prerequisites:                Prerequisite Types.
* undefined variables, warning message:  Options Summary.
* updating archive symbol directories:   Archive Symbols.
* updating makefiles:                    Remaking Makefiles.
* user defined functions:                Call Function.
* value:                                 Using Variables.
* value, how a variable gets it:         Values.
* variable:                              Using Variables.
* variable definition:                   Makefile Contents.
* variables:                             Variables Simplify.
* variables, $ in name:                  Computed Names.
* variables, and implicit rule:          Automatic.
* variables, appending to:               Appending.
* variables, automatic:                  Automatic.
* variables, command line:               Overriding.
* variables, command line, and recursion: Options/Recursion.
* variables, computed names:             Computed Names.
* variables, conditional assignment:     Flavors.
* variables, defining verbatim:          Defining.
* variables, environment <1>:            Environment.
* variables, environment:                Variables/Recursion.
* variables, exporting:                  Variables/Recursion.
* variables, flavors:                    Flavors.
* variables, how they get their values:  Values.
* variables, how to reference:           Reference.
* variables, loops in expansion:         Flavors.
* variables, modified reference:         Substitution Refs.
* variables, nested references:          Computed Names.
* variables, origin of:                  Origin Function.
* variables, overriding:                 Override Directive.
* variables, overriding with arguments:  Overriding.
* variables, pattern-specific:           Pattern-specific.
* variables, recursively expanded:       Flavors.
* variables, setting:                    Setting.
* variables, simply expanded:            Flavors.
* variables, spaces in values:           Flavors.
* variables, substituting suffix in:     Substitution Refs.
* variables, substitution reference:     Substitution Refs.
* variables, target-specific:            Target-specific.
* variables, unexpanded value:           Value Function.
* variables, warning for undefined:      Options Summary.
* varying prerequisites:                 Static Pattern.
* verbatim variable definition:          Defining.
* vpath:                                 Directory Search.
* VPATH, and implicit rules:             Implicit/Search.
* VPATH, and link libraries:             Libraries/Search.
* warnings, printing:                    Make Control Functions.
* weave <1>:                             Implicit Variables.
* weave:                                 Catalogue of Rules.
* Web, rule to run:                      Catalogue of Rules.
* what if:                               Instead of Execution.
* whitespace, in variable values:        Flavors.
* whitespace, stripping:                 Text Functions.
* wildcard:                              Wildcards.
* wildcard pitfalls:                     Wildcard Pitfall.
* wildcard, function:                    File Name Functions.
* wildcard, in archive member:           Archive Members.
* wildcard, in include:                  Include.
* wildcards and MS-DOS/MS-Windows backslashes: Wildcard Pitfall.
* word, selecting a:                     Text Functions.
* words, extracting first:               Text Functions.
* words, filtering:                      Text Functions.
* words, filtering out:                  Text Functions.
* words, finding number:                 Text Functions.
* words, iterating over:                 Foreach Function.
* words, joining lists:                  File Name Functions.
* words, removing duplicates:            Text Functions.
* words, selecting lists of:             Text Functions.
* writing rule commands:                 Commands.
* writing rules:                         Rules.
* yacc <1>:                              Catalogue of Rules.
* yacc <2>:                              Sequences.
* yacc:                                  Implicit Variables.
* Yacc, rule to run:                     Catalogue of Rules.
* ~ (tilde):                             Wildcards.

